Bacteria
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Components of a bacterial cell
Flagella Cytoplasm Ribosomes RNA Plasma membrane Cell wall
haploid vs diploid
haploid: one copy of DNA diploid: two copies of DNA
what is bacteria cell wall made of
cross-linked peptidoglycan
gram-positive vs gram-negative bacteria
gram-positive: retains the violet dye used in the gram staining procedure gram-negative: does not retain the dye
one example each of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
gram-positive: Streptococcus gram-negative: E. coli
flagella vs pili (function and size)
flagella are for movement pili allow bacterial adhesion to surfaces pili are smaller than flagella both are anchored to the cell surface
why is bacteria highly resistant
they form capsules using sugars - forming glycocalyx on the outer layer they have heat, irradiation and cold resistant spores
relationship between humans and the microbiome
mutualistic
glygocalyx
outer surface of a bacterium
Why is the time taken to go from 1 cell to production of an identical daughter cell significantly shorter in some bacteria cells (20 minutes) compared to some humans cells (11 hours)?
• size of bacteria is smaller • bacteria has less DNA to replicate (fewer base pairs) • bacteria has a singlular and linear chromosome • bacteria does not have membrane organelles