Chapter 2: Cells of the Nervous System
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What are the four regions of the neuron?
1.Dendrites. 2. Soma. 3. Axon. 4. Terminal Button * Synaptic Button.
What do neurons do?
Transmit electrochemical signals
What is the neuron doctrine?
Cells in the nervous system are separate and do not merge into eachother. Individual cells are independent. By : Santiago Ramon y Cajal
What is the cytoplasm?
It is separated from the external environment by a membrane made of lipids. It is a semi-watery fluid.
What are dendrites and what do they do?
They bring electrical information to the cell body through graded potentials.
What are some facts about dendrites?
• Several per cell- rough spines- no insulation- near the cell body
What is the input zone known as?
Dendrites.
What zone is the Cell body ( Soma) known as?
The integration zone.
What is in the soma?
They are where organelles are found.
What takes place in the soma?
Protein Synthesis.
What are the 6 organelles in the soma called?
• Nucleus • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribpsomes • Golgi Body • Lysosomes • Mitochondria
What are proteins?
They are 20 different types of amino acids
What are proteins made out of?
Proteins are made out of polypeptides and amino acids.
What are the 7 functions of proteins? Hint: TCAEMSS
• Transport: Bind & carry molecules • Channel: Allow passage of ions across the cell • Antibody: Bind to specific foreign particles • Enzymes: Carry out chemical reactions in cells • Messenger: Hormones or peptides that regulate biological processes • Signaling: Receptor proteins that recognize chemical signals • Structure: Provide structure & support of cells
What is Protein Synthesis?
The instructions on how to assemble amino acids together to form a protein.
What is protein synthesis encoded with?
DNA.
What are the two DNA pairs?
Adenine- Thymine. Guanine-Cytosine.
What is transcription?
Transcription is when DNA is separated by an enzyme , which exposes a portion of a DNA strand.
RNA cannot transport DNA where & why?
It cannot transport it to the cytoplasm because it is too large.
What happens after the portion of the DNA strand is exposed?
RNA polymerase copies the strand to synthesize the RNA
What is the difference in pairs comparing RNA to DNA?
ATCG. & Adenine & Uracil
What is translation?
MrNA is transported to the cytoplasm.
Once the MRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, what happens next?
It interacts with ribosomes.
What is the role of ribosomes in mRNA?
They read the MRNA strand to identify the amino acid that is needed