23 transition metals

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

how do you define a transition element?

Back (Answer)

an element that forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d sub shell

Front (Question)

why is scandium not a transition element?

Back (Answer)

only forms Sc3+ which makes a non-partially filled d sub shell (3d0)

Front (Question)

give 4 features of a transition element

Back (Answer)

• forms complex ions • coloured ions • catalytic properties • variable oxidative states

Front (Question)

define a co-ordinate bond

Back (Answer)

a shared pair of electrons where both electrons come from the same atom

Front (Question)

define a ligand

Back (Answer)

a lone pair of electrons which can form a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal ion

Front (Question)

define coordination number

Back (Answer)

number of coordinate bonds formed

Front (Question)

define complex ion

Back (Answer)

central atom/ion surrounded by ligand

Front (Question)

what is a: monodentate ligand? bidentate ligand? multidentate ligand?

Back (Answer)

monodentate- each ligand forms 1 coordinate bond bidentate- each ligand forms 2 coordinate bonds multidentate ligand- each ligand forms 2 or more coordinate bonds

Front (Question)

what are 5 monodentate ligands?

Back (Answer)

:H2O :NH3 :Cl :OH- :CN

#10

Front (Question)

what are 2 bidentate ligands?

Back (Answer)

1,2-diaminoethane ethanedioate ion

#11

Front (Question)

what is the structural formula for 1,2-diaminoethane?

Back (Answer)

NH2CH2CH2NH2

#12

Front (Question)

what does an ethanedioate ion look like?

Back (Answer)

2 carbons double bond O attached to each single bond :O- attached to each

#13

Front (Question)

what are 4 common shapes transition metal complexes can form?

Back (Answer)

octahedral linear square planar tetrahedral

#14

Front (Question)

how many bonds does each shape transition metal complexes can form have?

Back (Answer)

octahedral- 6 linear- 2 tetrahedral- 4 square planar- 4

#15

Front (Question)

give 2 examples of complexes that form octahedral shapes

Back (Answer)

[Cu(H2O)]2+ [Co(NH3)6]2+

#16

Front (Question)

give an example of a complex with a tetrahedral shape

Back (Answer)

[CoCl4]2-

#17

Front (Question)

why can’t transition metals with Cl ligand be octahedral?

Back (Answer)

because Cl ions are large and only 4 can fit around the transition metal

#18

Front (Question)

give an example of a complex with a square planar shape

Back (Answer)

[Ni(CN)4]2-

#19

Front (Question)

give the structural formula of the complex that forms an octahedral shape with multidentate ligands

Back (Answer)

[Ni(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+

#20

Front (Question)

name a hexadentate ligand

Back (Answer)

EDTA4-

#21

Front (Question)

what shape does EDTA4- form in a complex?

Back (Answer)

octahedral

#22

Front (Question)

what is a ligand substitution reaction?

Back (Answer)

when a ligand attached to the transition metal ion is replaced by a different ligand

#23

Front (Question)

give the equation to show how the complex [CU(H2O)6]2+ can be turned into [CU(H2O)3(NH3)3]2+

Back (Answer)

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 3NH3 –> [Cu(H2O)3(NH3)3]2+ + 3H2O

#24

Front (Question)

give the equation to show how [Cu(H2O)6]2+ can be turned into [CuCl4]2-

Back (Answer)

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- –> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O