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What is made from cow calf farms
Weaned calves at 6-10 months and 300-700 pounds
This segment of the beef industry uses seasonal grazing to grow weaned calves prior to being placed in a finishing operation
Stocker
Size of cattle entering feed lots
600-850lbs
Size of cattle exiting feed lots
1200-1400+lbs
Marketed on grid bases
70%- based on carcass merit, hide color, dressing %
Marketed on a cash bases
30% or less- based on calf weights at slaughter
Inserted under the skin in the back of the ear
Growth implants
Increases muscle gain, optaflexx, zilmax, 85% of feedlot nutritionists used one in 2015
Beta agonists
Alters rumen fermentation, improves efficiency and gain, 97% of feedlots used one in 2015
Ionophores
Gestation length of cow
280-283
Estrous cycle length of cattle-
19-21 days
Estrus length of cow
13-17 hours
Heifers should be bred at what % of their adult weight
65%
Heifers should calve at what % of their adult weight
85%
• Several causes – bacteria, virus, protozoa, non-infectious • Insuring calves receive adequate colostrum, isolation of sick calves
Calf Scours
• Commonly resulting in pneumonia • Infectious (bacteria, viruses) and non-infectious causes (stress, poor ventilation) • Antibiotic treatment
Bovine Respiratory Disease
Noncontagious, bacterial disease affects the most healthy, growing calves. * Nearly 100% fatal * Vaccination protects against Clostridia bacteria
Blackleg
Infected animals may display symptoms of diarrhea, fever, pneumonia, fever, or abortion. Pregnant cows infected with the virus may deliver a resistant or a persistently infected calf Disease is commonly spread through Persistently Infected (PI) animals that are initially infected in utero and carry the virus/spread this for their entire life
BVD
Caused by the bacteria with Leptospira genus (many species cause illness) * Transmitted through infected feed/water supplies contaminated with urine
Leptospirosis
Caused by the bacteria Brucella * Causes spontaneous abortions and is easily transmissible from several ruminant species (Deer, Bison, Elk, etc.) * States all have different regulations and Brucellosis herd statuses * Live vaccine is available and most effective prevention method
Brucellosis
Highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria Moraxella Bovis * Eye Irritation is necessary for the disease to develop (flies, dust, light, grass, etc.
Pinkeye
Excessive gas in the rumen * Presses on heart and lungs * Frothy bloat – grazing lush pastures, high-protein feeds * May also occur in feedlot cattle * Free-gas bloat – consumption of high-concentrate feeds in cattle not adapted to grain-rich diet
Bloat
Internal – stomach worms (hair worms), lung worms, liver flukes, coccidian * Less of a concern in cattle over 2 years * External – horn flies, lice, grubs, ticks * Deworming, rotational grazing, cull chronics
Parasites
US state with greatest number of dairy cattle
California