Oxygen Transport 1.2

The larger number indicates the pressure in the arteries as the heart squeezes out blood during each beat. The lower number indicates the pressure as the heart relates before the next beat (diastolic)

At times when oxygen is not available the body will enter into oxygen deficit. This occurs when we move from rest to exercise and do not give our respiratory, circulatory and cardiovascular systems sufficient time to be able to supply the energy demands

The aerobic steady state is reached once there is a balance between the amount of energy needed for activity and the amount of energy supplied aerobically. Once excercise begins oxygen consumption increases until hitting a steady state. Elite athlete 40-60 seconds Average 3 minutes 60-85% of MHR Most effective 65-75%

Oxygen consumptions and utilisation of oxygen to create energy is referred to as V02 Max - highest rate of oxygen consumption attainable during maximal exercise

In absolute terms VO2 max is expressed in litres per minute. This figure does not take into account different body sizes Relative VO2 max takes into account body size by diving absolute VO2 max by body weight

Aerobic training causes chronic adaptions that enhance the body’s ability to take in, transport and utilise oxygen more efficiently

VO2 max is usually expressed relative to body weight. Oxygen and energy needs differs relative to size. It can also be expressed relative to body surface area.

Even wth similar training regimes, women tend to have lower VO2 max scores than men, mainly due to having less muscle mass and more fat stores.

All people can improve their VO2 max with training but the extent to which they can improve is genetically determined. The highest ever recorded VO2 max is 97.5 ml/kg/min in men and 78.6 for women

For untrained sedentary individuals their VO2 max can peak at 10 for girls 16 for boys. Peak for trained athletes in endurance is late 20s early 30s. VO2 max begins to decline more rapidly at age 50 due to decrease in cardio respiratory efficiency, muscle mass and increased body fat.

LIP occurs where there is a sudden exponential or non-linear increase in the lactate concentration in the blood LIP reflect lactate entry into blood and lactate removal. It is the last point where these two factors are balanced The LIP of an individual represents the maximal intensity at which blood lactate is in steady state. Exercise intensities beyond the LIO ate associated with a shortened time to exhaustion

There is a wide range of figures which are used to equate the LiP with both % VO2 max and %MHR as it is so widely dependent on the individual no single value is considered accurate. Untrained athlete range of LIP 55-70% of MHR avg of 60% 40-70% Of VO2 max avg 50-60% Trained athlete range of LIP Up to or in excess of 90% MHR 70-95% VO2 max typically 70-80%

The increased LIP educates the body’s buffering mechanism. In more effectively using lactate to assist in buffering and in the removal of H ions from muscles enabling the muscles to work for longer periods within the Burn and heaviness