Exam 1
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Government
formal institutions and procedures through which people are ruled
Politics
Who get what and how?; a process for determining how power and resources are distributed in a society without recourse to violence
What are the three types of political systems?
authoritarian government; anarchy; democracy
Authoritarian Government
a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits, but may be restrained by the power of other social institutions
Anarchy
a system in which there is no government or laws; does not exist
Democracy
a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually the election of key public officials
What are the types of political-economic systems?
laissez-faire capitalism; regulated capitalism; social democracy; socialism
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
economics guided only by “free hand”
Regulated Capitalism
private ownership, but some governmental intervention
Social Democracy
mostly private ownership, but more extensive government control
Socialism
complete government ownership and control
What are the theories of Democracy?
elite; pluralist; participatory
Elite
role of citizens is simply to choose leaders
Pluralist
role of individual citizen participation is not as important as participation in groups which are active
Participatory
citizens participate on behalf of themselves
What did John Locke create and what did it state?
Social Contract Theory; inalienable rights predate government, citizens make the decision that government is necessary, citizens exchange rights for protections, government only has the power people ascribe to it
What type of government is America?
constitutional democracy; rare and recently established
What two important changes regarding government happened in the seventeenth century?
governments began to acknowledge formal limits on their power; government began to provide ordinary citizens with the vote as a formal voice in public affairs; mostly as a result of the Bourgeoisie
Representative Democracy
a government system that gives individual citizens the regular opportunity to elect government officials to represent them in decision making (the American nation)
Direct Democracy
a government system that allows individual citizens to vote directly on all laws and policies
In America the national government is _______________, but many states and localities practice _______________ through the use of referendums or ballot initiatives
Representative democracy; direct democracy
Political Culture
the broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how the government should function
Examples of Resources
tax revenues, gov jobs, laws
What are some of the tools of politics?
compromise and cooperation; discussion and debate; deal making; bargaining; etc