Bio Exam 3

External respiration is the gas exchange between air and blood in the lungs. Internal respiration is the gas exchange between blood and tissues.

Act as passageway for respiration, have receptors for smell, moisten and warm upcoming air, have resonating chambers for voice, and filter large foreign material from incoming air

Larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, lungs, alveoli

Inspiration (inhale) is when the diaphragm contracts, pulling muscle down; intercostal muscles contract, elevating chest wall and expanding volume of chest, lowering pressure in lungs, pulling in air Expiration (exhale) is when muscles relax; diaphragm resumes dome shape; intercostal muscles allow chest to lower, resulting in increase of pressure in chest and expulsion of air

Medulla Oblongata

Specialized cells that are made for communication. They generate and conduct electrical impulses

Sensory neurons are neurons found in the PNS that receive stimuli neurons that and transmit information to the CNS. Motor neurons are neurons found in the PNS that transmit information away from the CNS

Maintains cell volume, establishes and maintains resting potential by ongoing active transport of three NA+ out of the cell and two K+ into the cell

tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs). The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out

reduces surface tension enabling inflation of alveoli

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath at rest

form myelin sheaths in PNS

Flaps over the larynx to prevent food and liquids from entering the lung

A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs

Maximal volume that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation

(brain and spinal cord) receives, processes, and transfers information

cell body, dendrites, axon

measurable difference in voltage across the cell membrane in a resting cell

the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.

Voltage-sensitive Na+ channels open, Na+ moves into the axon (this reverses the voltage across the membrane, interior becomes +)

special junction between axon terminus and target cell

an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells

Unencapsulated dendrites (detect pain, light pressure, and changes in temperature), merkel disks (detect light touch and pressure), meissner’s corpuscles (detect beginning and end of light touch and pressure), ruffini ends (respond to ongoing pressure), pacinian corpuscles (detect deep pressure and high-frequency vibration)

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami