6A: Introduction to organic chemistry
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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound of hydrogen and carbon only
What is meant by the term ‘homologous series’?
A homologous series has compounds with the same general formula / functional group. Successive members differ from each other by a CH2 unit.
What is meant by the term ‘functional group’?
An atom or group of atoms responsible for the chemical properties of a particular compound.
What are the prefixes for organic compounds up to C10?
Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent- Hex- Hept- Oct- Non- Dec-
How would you classify an addition reaction?
Two molecules, one of which is unsaturated -> one saturated molecule
How would you classify an elimination reaction?
One or two molecules -> More products, including a smaller molecule that has been eliminated
How would you classify a substitution reaction?
One atom or group of atoms is replaced by another
How would you classify an oxidation reaction?
A reactant is oxidised
How would you classify a reduction reaction?
A reactant is reduced
How would you classify a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction with water that breaks the bond between two molecules (e.g. OH- replaces a halogen atom in a molecule)
How would you classify an (addition) polymerisation reaction?
Unsaturated alkene molecules add on to a growing polymer chain to form a long saturated molecule chain
Describe the term ‘structural isomerism’
Molecules with the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula
Describe the term ‘stereoisomerism’
Compounds with - The same structural formula - But with a different arrangement of the atoms in space
What is needed for E/Z isomers to form?
A C=C double bond, Each carbon attached to 2 different atoms or groups
What is needed for cis/trans isomers to form?
A C=C double bond, Each carbon attached to 2 different atoms or groups, one of which must be a H atom