Moral and ethical issues

• Intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence • Systems that are designed to simulate human cognitive functions

• Accountability, privacy and job displacement • Must ensure that AI systems prioritise ethical values, uphold human rights and avoid bias

• Personal data privacy, security and informed consent • Users must be provided with clear information about how their data will be used

• Digital divide: favouring individuals with more resources and access to technology • Changes in employment structure and loss of jobs • Incorrect healthcare diagnosis

• Inadvertently show bias if trained using biased data • Autonomous systems: what should the AI do in an unavoidable situation • Data privacy and consent

• Unintentional cultural biases or inaccurately represented languages • Authenticity and originality of AI-generated works

• The control or suppression of information, ideas or content available online

• Protecting national security • Restricting harmful content • Preserving cultural norms • Combating disinformation

• Freedom of expression: basic human right • Protecting vulnerable communities from discrimination and harmful content

• Access to information: effect on society’s development • Digital divide: widening the gap in access to information and online resources • Balancing the regulation of harmful content and content with fostering social cohesion and diverse perspectives

• Censorship measures rely on invasive surveillance and monitoring of online activities • Balancing the need for content moderation and respecting personal privacy • Right to information

• CCTV surveillance, tracking phone calls, GPS monitoring and email monitoring

• Security and crime prevention • Public safety and deterrence • Investigative purposes

• Respect for privacy • Intent and justification of actions and implementation of the monitoring

• Trust in institutions • Impact on vulnerable groups

• Data security and protection • Transparency and accountability

• Data gathering, storage and analysis • Data mining • Machine learning • Artificial intelligence

• Privacy: personal information is sensitive • Digital divide: using computers to manage health data

• Consent and autonomy • Equity: benefits derived from analysing personal information are divided equitably

• Data security • Transparency and accountability

• Representation: certain cultural groups may be underrepresented in data sets, leading to biased outcomes

• The unauthorised use, distribution or reproduction of copyrighted material

• Violation of intellectual property rights • Economic consequences • Promotion of knowledge sharing

• Different languages to ensure the application can be used around the world • Bi-directional text to accommodate both types of reading directions • Different colours hold different meanings in different cultures