NPNs

The concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds in this protein-free filtrate was quantified spectrophotometrically by converting nitrogen to ammonia and subsequent reaction with ________ reagent to produce a yellow color

Most abundant NPN to least

the major excretory product of protein metabolism.

Small quantities of urea (<10% of the total) are excreted through the:

Reference method for Urea

Analytic methods (Urea): Conversion of unionized urea to NH4 & CO2-3 results in increased conductivity

Analytic methods (Urea): Enzymatic reaction of NH4 2-oxoglutarate & NADH to form glutamate & NAD+

Normal value of Urea Nitrogen (plasma/serum)

Normal value of Urea Nitrogen (urine)

An elevated concentration of urea in the blood is called

Very high plasma urea concentration accompanied by renal failure is called

is a result of reduced renal blood flow. Less blood is delivered to the kidney; consequently, less urea is filtered.

Decreased renal function causes an increase in plasma urea concentration as a result of compromised urea excretion.

can be due to obstruction of urine flow anywhere in the urinary tract by renal calculi, tumors of the bladder or prostate, or severe infection.

The major causes of decreased plasma urea concentration include

Urea: Increased Urea N/C ratio: High Crea: Normal

Urea: Increased Urea N/C ratio: High Crea: Increased

product of catabolism of the purine nucleic acids.

Renal excretion accounts for about __% of uric acid elimination;

Nearly all of the uric acid in plasma is present as

Most other mammals have the ability to catabolize purines to _______, a more water-soluble end product.

based on the oxidation of uric acid in a protein-free filtrate, with subsequent reduction of phosphotungstic acid in alkaline solution to tungsten blue. The method lacks specificity.

Reference method for URIC ACID

Drugs such as __________ have been shown to increase values for uric acid.