Newton's Law
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What is the speed of light (c) in a vacuum?
c = 3 x 10^8 m/s This is the constant speed of light when traveling through a vacuum.
Define weight.
The gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface Weight is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity.
State Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation.
Each body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers This law explains gravitational attraction between two masses.
What does Newton’s third law of motion state?
When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts a force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction on the first body This law emphasizes the concept of action and reaction.
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
When a resultant/net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant net force This law is often summarized by the equation F=ma.
State Newton’s first law of motion.
A body will remain in its state of rest or motion at constant velocity unless a non-zero force acts on it This law is also known as the law of inertia.
Define kinetic frictional force (fk).
The force that opposes the motion of a moving object relative to a surface Kinetic friction acts parallel to the surface.
What is frictional force (Fi)?
The force that opposes the motion of an object and acts parallel to the surface Frictional force is crucial in determining how objects move across surfaces.
Define static frictional force (fs).
The force that opposes the tendency of motion of a stationary object relative to a surface Static friction must be overcome for an object to start moving.
Importance of wearing safety belts:
The safety belt acts as an applied force, preventing severe head trauma.
According to Newton’s First Law
an object will remain in motion at a constant velocity unless a non-zero resultant force acts upon it.
When a car is in an accident and comes to a sudden stop
the person inside the car will make contact with the windscreen of the car.
According to Newton’s Third Law
the force that two objects exert on each other is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
If two cars are in an accident
they will both exert the same amount of force on each other.
Effect of Newton’s Second Law on overloading:
According to Newton’s Second Law, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
If a vehicle is overloaded
the stopping distance will increase which can lead to serious accidents.
When brakes are applied
the force (friction) remains the same, but the increase in mass causes a decrease in negative acceleration.
Newton’s Second Law is dependent on
the resultant force acting on the same object.
Force pairs properties:
are forces acting on different objects and therefore do not cancel each other out.
Newton’s First Law is due to
Inertia, the resistance of an object to change its state of motion.
An object continues in a state of rest or uniform motion
unless acted upon by a net external force.
Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force
and inversely proportional to the mass.
When a net force is applied to an object of mass
the object accelerates in the direction of the net force.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net external force.