Chapter 14 & 15

disorder of the mind

factors that contribute to a disease’s development

categorical (like DSM) there is a cutoff, dimensional considers them along a continuum

examination of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning to diagnose them

individual has an underlying vulnerability (due to genetic predisposition or childhood trauma) and then additional stressful circumstances can trigger it

psychopathology is the result of interactions between individuals and their culture

abnormal behavior is caused by learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs. Individuals can be made aware of these conscious thought processes and change them

excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger, suffers from restless motor behaviors, atrophy in hippocampus, etc. Includes phobias, social anxiety disorder, GAD

diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with specific events

sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror

afraid of being in situations where escape is difficult, often avoid going into open spaces, often closely linked to panic disorder because they want to avoid having panic attacks in public places

frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions. Obsessions are recurrent thoughts, and compulsions are actions they feel driven to do. Can be caused by conditioning (you associate a compulsion with a release in anxiety). Appears to be related to glutamate and damage to the caudate

frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to a trauma

severe negative moods or lack of interest in usually enjoyed activities, accompanied by weight changes, sleep changes, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death. Often associated with damage to left prefrontal cortex

mild to moderate severity, not severe enough to be diagnosed with MDD, much more long lasting

cognitive model of depression where people see themselves as unable to control events in their lives

extremely elevated manic episodes usually accompanied by depressive episodes

experience less extreme mood elevations (hypomania) and extreme depression

disorders that involve disruptions of identity, memory, or awareness, thought to be a result from extreme stress. Includes dissociative amnesia, and dissociative fugue (flight), and DID

2+ distinct identities in the same person + memory gaps, happens most often in women who have been abused as children

split between thought and emotion involving alterations in thought, perception, or consciousness. Has to be characterized by delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. Interesting note- it could be a schizovirus as more mothers of schizophrenic were in their 2nd trimester during flu season and were more likely to get influenza.

excess, abnormal behavior like delusions or hallucinations. Can often be treated with neurotransmitters

deficits in functioning such as apathy and slowed speech and movement. Harder to treat, thought to result more from brain anatomy than neurochemistry

false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality, often persecutory, grandiose, guilty, or a mistaken identity