Digestive System
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since the cells in our body cannot obtain energy directly from the food we eat:
food must be broken down and transformed in order for our cells to absorb the nutrients
what is the role of the digestive system
-break down ingested food into molecules that are small enough yo be absorbed by our bodies. -it eliminates undigested food in the form of solid waste
name the 2 parts of the digestive system
-digestive tract and digestive glands
what is digestive tract
parts that the food travels through
what is digestive glands
parts that release secretions into the digestive tract in order to help break down food
name parts of the digestive tract
-mouth -pharynx -esophagus -stomach -small intestine -large intestine
name parts of the digestive glands
-salivary glands -gastric glands -liver and gallbladder -pancreas -intestinal glands
4 roles of the digestive system
-ingesting food -digesting food -absorption of nutrients -elimination of waste
explain steps of ingestion of food
-deglutition ( swallowing) of food: once food is chewed up and mixed with saliva, called bolus -peristalsis: muscular contraction of esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestines. Allows food to be pushed through components of digestive tract.
explain steps of digestion of food 1) MECHANICAL TRANFORMATION
• breaking food down into smaller pieces to prepare it for chemical transformation. • chewing: crushing, grinding food with teeth and mouth -churning; muscle contraction in stomach and small intestine in order to mix food
explain steps of digestion of food 2) CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION
breaks down food into simpler molecules. aided by secretion from digestive glands
salivary glands:
secretion: saliva location: mouth targets: starch (complex carbs)
gastric glands:
secretion: gastric juices location: stomach targets: proteins
intestinal glands:
secretion: intestinal juices location: small intestine targets: proteins, carb, fats
pancreas:
secretion: pancreatic juice location: small intestine targets: proteins, carb, fats
liver:
secretion: bile location: small intestine targets: fats
when does digestion end
in small intestine
how are nurtients broken down after digestion is complete
-proteins turn in amino acids -carbs turn in sugar (mostly glucose) -fats turn into fatty acids and glycerol
explain the steps of absorption of nutrients
-allows passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into blood or lymph -nutrients are absorbed through small intestine through the villi, nutrients flow through walls of villi and into the body
what do villi contain
blood and lymph vessels
explain steps for elimination of fecal matter
-digestive matter that has not been absorbed enter large intestine as liquid -most absorption occurs in small intestine, large intestine can absorb some vitamin, mineral =, water -fecal matter is expelled in solid form from rectum to anus
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