4:Inorganic Chemistry and The Periodic Table
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What are the physical properties of group 2 elements?
They are bright silvery solids. -> appear dull when exposed to oxygen
What is the trend in ionisation energy in Group 2 elements?
As you go down the group ionisation energy decreases.
Why does ionisation energy decreases as you go down group 2?
Greater atomic radius, so increased shielding effect. Making it easier to remove valence electron.
What is the trend in reactivity in Group 2 elements?
As you go down the group, reactivity increases.
Why does reactivity increase as you go down group 2?
Greater atomic radius, increases shielding affect. Easier to lose valence electrons
What elements of group 2 do you need to know the reactions of?
Mg to Ba
What is the reaction between group 2 metal and water?
Redox reaction to produce metal hydroxide + H2
What can be said about the reaction with water and magnesium?
Magnesium reacts slows with liquid water, reacts much faster with steam (due to extra energy). - Produces Magnesium Oxide instead
What are the physical observations of magnesium oxide?
It’s a white powder
What is the reaction between group 2 metals and chlorine?
Reacts with chlorine gas to produce metal chlorides.
What colour are the group 2 metal chlorides?
All white precipitates
How do group 2 metals react with oxygen?
Form metal oxides Strontium and barium react to form metal peroxides
Which group 2 oxides doesn’t react with water?
Beryllium oxide
What does the reaction between group 2 oxides with water produce?
Group 2 hydroxide + H2
What are the observation in a reaction between group 2 metals and water?
Fizzles and water vapour is released.
What is the reaction between group 2 oxides and HCl acid?
Forms chloride salt + water
What is the reaction between group 2 oxides and HNO3 acid?
Form nitrate salt + water
What is the reaction between group 2 hydroxides and HCl or HNO3?
Produce nitrate/chloirde salt + water
What happens to group 2 sulphate solubility as you go down the group?
Decreases.
What happens to group 2 hydroxide solubility as you go down the group?
Increases
What are the two factors that determine solubility?
1) Lattice dissociation enthalpy 2) Hydration enthalpy
What is lattice dissociation enthalpy?
Energy needed to break up a crystal structure.
What is hydration enthalpy?
Energy released when ions are hydrated
What affects the two solubility determining factors?
Ionic size