Unit 2- The Beginnings of American Government
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Define English Common Law
Unwritten, judge-made law developed over centuries.
Define English Constitutionalism
The notion that government leaders are subject to the limitations of the law.
The concept of the rule of law that influenced English political ideas, for example, has roots in early civilizations of _____ and _____.
Africa and Asia
What three basic notions of government did the English bring?
Ordered Government- Limited Government- Representative Government OLR
Define Ordered Government
The English colonists saw the need for an orderly regulation of their relationships with one another- that is, a need for government.
Define Limited Government
The idea that government is restricted in what it may do.
When did the notions of Limited Government originally exist?
400 years before Jamestown was settled in 1607.
Define Representative Government
The notion that government should serve the will of the people and that the people should have a voice in deciding what government should do and should not do.
What were the Influential Documents and Ideas from the colonists?
The Magna Carta- The Petition of Right- The English Bill of Rights MPB (Magna-Petition-Bill)
A group of barons forced _____ to sign the _____.
King John- Magna Carta
What were the fundamental rights in the Magna Carta?
Trial by jury and due process of law (protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property). TD
The Magna Carta established the critical idea that the monarchy’s power was not _____.
Absolute
In 1628, when _____ asked Parliament for money in taxes, Parliament refused until he agreed to sign the _____.
Charles I- Petition of Right
What influence did the Petition of Right have?
It limited the king’s power in several ways. Most importantly, it demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person but by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land. The document also insisted that the king may not impose martial law, or military rule, in times of peace, or require homeowners to shelter the king’s troops without their consent.
The Petition challenged the idea of the _____, declaring that even a monarch must obey the law of the land.
Divine Rights of Kings
In 1689, after years of revolt and turmoil, Parliament offered crown to _____. The events surrounding their ascent to the throne are know as the _____.
William and Mary of Orange- Glorious Revolution
What influence did the English Bill of Rights have?
Prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with the consent of Parliament, and required that all parliamentary elections be free. The English Bill of Rights also included such guarantees as the right to a fair trial, as well as freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment.
What were the three types of Colonies?
Royal Colonies- The Proprietary Colonies- The Charter Colonies RPC
What were the first and last colonies?
Virginia-Georgia VG
Virginia was originally organized as a _____.
Commercial Venture
_____ granted Georgia to 21 trustees, who governed the colony.
King George II
Each colony was established on the basis of a _____.
Charter.
Define Charter
A written grant of authority from the king.
What influences did Charters have?
They gave colonists or companies a grant of land and some governing rights, while the Crown retained a certain amount of power over a colony.