MIDTERM 01 - Stereochemistry
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The branch of chemistry concerned with the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules and the effect of this on chemical reactions
Stereochemistry
Compounds with the same molecular formula
Isomers
Different connectivity of atoms
Constitutional
Different functional groups
Functional
Different positions of functional group
Positional
Different carbon skeleton
Skeletal
Same connectivity but different spatial orientation of atoms
Stereoisomers
Different, non-interconverting spatial arrangement of atoms
Configurational
Result from restricted rotation around a double bond or on polysubstituted cyclic alkanes
Geometric
Around a chiral carbon
Optical
Nonsuperimposable mirror images
Enantiomers
Nonmirror images
Diastereomers
Different, interconverting spatial arrangements of atoms
Conformational
Staggered and eclipsed
Aliphatic alkanes
Chair and boat
Alicyclic alkanes
From the Greek word “chier” which means hand
Chiral
Greek word which means hand
Chier
Has a nonsuperimposable mirror image (asymmetrical)
Chiral molecule
Has a superimposable mirror image (symmetrical)
Achiral molecules
Where an atom connects to 4 different groups; causes chirality
Stereocenters/Asymmetric centers
Molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other
Enantiomers
Other name for absolute configuration (R/S system)
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system
Oscillates in one plane
Plane-polarized light
Equimolar mixture of 2 enantiomers
Racemic mixture