Biogeochemical Cycles

1) rain precipitates water onto Earth 2) Water lands into the oceans. It also lands on soil, and runs-off into the oceans after used by living things. 3) Water from the ocean evaporates into the air. 4) Water in the air condenses into clouds. 3-4: Water moving through a plant is called Transpiration. When water evaporates off a plant, it is called evapotranspiration.

+Heat energy “melting”

-Heat energy “evaporation”

+Heat energy “evaporation”

-Heat energy “condensation”

“sublimation”

“deposition”

1) Condensed water vapor 2) Advection (movement of clouds over land) 3) Precipitation: rain, hail, snow, sleet, graupel 4) Run off or infiltration - ground water (percolation) - settles there. 5) Ocean 6) Evaporation or 4) Evapotranspiration: water evaporates off of leaves or 4) Transpiration: Plant sucks up H2O from roots.

• producers convert inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules. • Consumers eat the producers. • Consumers breath out CO2 which is reused by the autotrophs. • ## *Since photosynthesis generate oxygen, the oxygen cycle is coupled witht he carbon cycle.

where carbon is stored (a reservoir)

Flow (process) annotated with an arrow a) transformed from a->b (solid -> liquid) Storage (reservoir, reserve, store) annotated with a box.

• inorganic (combustion: burning, fossil fuels) • Organic Photosynthesis (H2O + CO2) –> Cellular Respiration (C6H12O6 (Glucose sugar)+O2+ATP (energy))

the connected processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

1) deep ocean 2) atmosphere 3) plants (esp. forests) 4) soils

Nitrogen fixin bacteria - send into soil as ammonia (NH3) Runs into Nitrogen fixing soil bacteria - turns it into ammonium (NH+4) Nitrifying bacteria - converts it into nitrates (NO-3) Nitrifying bacteria - converts into nitrites (NO-2) or Animal eat it (then excrete or die) - denitrifying bacteria (enzyme: Nitrate Reductase) Converts into N2 (goes back into the atmosphere)

-peanuts -soy -klover -kudzo

• make amino acids which code for protein

ammonia NH3 ammonium NH+4 Nitrates NO-3 Nitrites NO-2

In RNA and DNA

1) Phosphorus from rocks leaks into the soil by the sediment run-off. 2) Phosphorus is added to the soil as phosphate. 3) Plants absorb the phosphate. 4) Animals eat the plants. 5) Consumers excrete feces or decomposers break down the wastes, which drains by run-off to the oceans. 6) The coeans deposit the phosphorus onto rocks.

rocks and poo

P

phosphate

1) DNA + RNA 2) ATP: adenosinetriphosphate 3) Cell membrane: phospholipid bilayer