Module 6- organic chemistry
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Draw carboxylic acid functional group (displayed formula)
=O R-C-O-H R is an alkyl chain
How to name carboxylic acids when there is more than one carboxyl group?
Keep the name the same ie butane and add di before the oic so butaneioic acid.
What are carboxylic acids known as?
They are weak and also organic. ‘’Weak’’- proton donors that partially dissociate in aqueous solution ‘’organic’’- contain carbon
Write the dissociation for butanoic acid.
CH3CH2CH2COOH reversible arrow CH3CH2CH2COO- + H+
How to name the anion produced from the dissociation from a carboxylic acid?
Add oate at the end ie butanoate ethanoate
Properties of carboxylic acids + explain DRAW A DIAGRAM FOR ETHANOIC ACID DISSOLVING
Generally are water soluble because they can form hydrogen bonds with water.
How does solubility change with carbon chain length?
Solubility decreases as carbon chain length increases. This is because the carbon chain is non-polar so cannot form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules; they can only form london forces with each other. To increase solubility add more COOH groups.
2 factors affecting carboxylic acid solubility?
Number of COOH groups Carbon chain length
Reaction of carboxylic acids with metals using sodium as an example, include observations. What type of reaction is it?
-Redox reaction (can tell as element goes to compound and compound to element) CH3COOH + Na —> 1/2 H2 + CH3COONa Solid dissolves, effervescence Salt is sodium ethanoate
Reaction of carboxylic acids with metal oxides using MgO as an example, include observations.
2CH3COOH(aq) + MgO(s) —> (CH3COO)2Mg(aq) + H2O(l) -Solid dissolves
Reaction of carboxylic acids with metal hydroxides using KOH as an example, include observations. What type of reaction is it?
CH3COOH(aq) + KOH(aq) —> CH3COOK(aq) + H2O(l)
Reaction of carboxylic acids with metal carbonates using CaCO3 as an example, include observations. What type of reaction is it?
2CH3COOH(aq) + CaCO3(s) —> (CH3COO)2Ca(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) -Solid dissolves, effervescence Salt
What does a phenol look like?
Benzene ring attached to OH group
Reaction of Na with carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols.
Carboxylic acid- reacts Phenol- reacts Alcohol- reacts
Reaction of NaOH (aq) with carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols.
Carboxylic acid- reacts Phenol- reacts Alcohol- no reaction
Reaction of Na2CO3 with carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols.
Carboxylic acids- reacts Phenols- no reaction Alcohol- no reactions
Order Na, NaOH and Na2CO3 from most to least reactive do this for carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols too.
Na, NaOH, Na2CO3 Carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols
Ester functional group in displayed formaula
=O R-C-O-R
What is esterification?
A condensation reaction to form esters
What is a condensation reaction?
Two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule such as water (or HCl)
Reaction to form esters include conditions and reagents.
Carboxylic acid + alcohol —> Ester Conditions: reflux Reagent: H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
Write the reaction for ethanoic acid and propanol with displayed formula.
CH3COOH + HOCH2CH2CH3 reversible H2O + CH3COOCH2CH2CH3.
How to name esters?
The first part comes from the alcohol ie if it is propanol used then a propyl is produced. The second part comes from the carboxylic acid ie if ethanoic acid is used then it is an ethanoate. Propyl ethanoate.
Uses of esters
Perfumes Flavourings