Lewis Structures
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lewis structure
simple notation of dots and crosses to represent outer energy level electrons of all atoms within molecule
What are the steps to making a lewis structure?
calculate total number of valence electrons draw skeletal structure of molecule to show how atoms are linked together use lin to show electron pair and put a pair in each bond between atoms if not enough electrons to complete octets form double/triple bonds check that total number of electrons in structure equals calculation
What do you include when drawing lewis structures of ions?
put structure in brackets with charge shown outside (include ionic charge in actual structure as well)
What are the two exceptions to the octet rule?
incomplete octet expanded octet
incomplete octet
small atoms (e.g. Be and B) can form stable molecules with fewer than eight electrons in valence shell
What ideas are associated with incomplete octets?
said to be electron deficient so have tendence to accept an electron pair from molecule with a lone pair
expanded octet
molecules with larger central atoms (beyond period 3) can hold 18 electrons in valence shell d orbitals available in valence shell have energy values relatively close to p orbitals