Chemical Changes
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What happens when a metal reacts with oxygen?
We form a metal oxide and the metal atoms have been oxidised
What is gaining oxygen called?
An oxidation reaction
What is losing oxygen called?
A reduction reaction
How fast is the reaction with water at room temperature for potassium, sodium and lithium?
They react very rapidly
How fast is the reaction with water at room temperature for calcium?
Reacts quite rapidly
How fast is the reaction with water at room temperature for magnesium, zinc, iron and copper?
No reaction at all
What are the first 10 elements of the reactivity series in order starting from copper.
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Carbon Zinc Iron Hydrogen Copper
What does the ability to lose electrons and form a positive ion depend on?
The reactivity of the metal
Where are unreactive metals found?
In the Earth as the metal itself
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive element will push out (displace) a less reactive element from its compound.
What is the formula for Hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the formula for Sulfuric acid?
H₂SO₄
What is the formula for Nitric acid?
HNO₃
What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
What do bases do?
Neutralise acids producing a salt and water
What are bases made up of?
Metal oxides or metal hydroxides
What are some examples of bases?
Copper oxide Iron (III) hydroxide Sodium hydroxide
What are bases which are soluble in water called?
Alkalis
What do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
What does the pH scale tell us?
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
What pH do acids have?
A pH between 0 and 6
What are solutions with a pH of 7 called?
Neutral
What pH do alkalis have?
A pH between 8 and 14
How can we determine a pH of a soluton?
By using a pH probe or Universal indicator