Topic 7 Essential Questions and Skills 8-15
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What is Wind?
The horizontal movement of air from high to low pressure
Air over a hot surface will…
• Move faster • Spread apart • Rise • Less dense
Why is there unequal heating?
• Earth’s surface is curved • Different surfaces absorb and reflect energy differently • The Earth is tilted
What causes high and low pressure areas?
Unequal heating of the atmosphere
Air over a cool surface will…
• Move slower • Contract • Sink/fall • More dense
How are winds measured, and then list 2 devices used to measure wind
Winds are named by the direction in which they come from and their speed. Anemometer & Wind Vane
When land is hotter than the water, what type of breeze will occur?
Sea Breeze
When the water is hotter than the land, what type of breeze will occur?
Land Breeze
What is a monsoon?
A seasonal change in wind and precipitation. Its like a land/sea breeze for months. It can also cause rainy and dry seasons
What causes monsoons?
Different rates of heating/cooling between the ocean and nearby land
The Coriolis Effect causes…
Wind to turn right in the Northern Hemisphere, and left in the Southern Hemisphere
Which direction does wind appear to turn in the Northern Hemisphere? Southern?
Wind turns right in the Northern Hemisphere, and left in the Southern Hemisphere
Whats a cyclone?
Wind rotating around LOW pressure
Whats an anticyclone?
Wind rotating around HIGH pressure
What direction do cyclones rotate in the Northern Hemisphere? Southern?
Counter-clockwise, clockwise
What direction do anticyclones rotate in the Northern Hemisphere? Southern?
Clockwise, counter-clockwise
What is the Jet Stream?
• 10 KM above Earth • Band of high-speed wind blowing W-E • Greatly affects weather • Follows the sun • The winds were used by Japan in WWII to launch balloons carrying bombs
What factors influence deep ocean currents?
a) density b) salinity c) temperature
When warm currents move towards the poles…
They become cooler and saltier as water evaporates and as ice forms. This cold and salty water sinks and flows along the ocean floor.