4.1 Obtaining & Using Metals
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Reactivity
How easily a metal loses its outer electrons to form a positive ion
Describe how to test the reactivity of metals
1- Place a little piece of metal in a test tube with dilute hydrochloric acid and place your finger over the top 2- The more the metal bubbles, the more reactive 3- Lift your finger and place a burning splint above the test tube. The louder the squeaky pop, the more reactive 4- Repeat with a different metal
Why do more reactive metals when reacted with acid give a louder squeaky pop
More hydrogen has been made
Reactive metal + water equation
Reactive metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Which metals react with cold water
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium
Which metals will react with steam but not much with cold water
Magnesium, zinc, iron
Less reactive metal + steam equation
Less reactive metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen
What is the other meaning of oxidation
Oxygen is gained in a reaction
What is the other meaning of reduction
The removal of oxygen in a reaction
The reactivity series mnemonic
Please Stop Calling Me A Careless Zebra Instead Try Learning How Copper Saves Gold
Reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold
Redox reaction
A reaction where oxidation and reduction occurs simultaneously
Give an example of a redox reaction
Displacement reaction
Displacement reaction
A more reactive element reacts and takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
How is a displacement reaction a redox reaction
-The more reactive metal is oxidised -The less reactive metal is reduced
How to work out individual positions in the reactivity series
Add metals to metal salts and see if they react
Metal ore
A rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract the metal from it
Where are most of the metals we use found
In their ores in the Earth’s crust
Uncombined elements
Unreactive and so found in their element forms in the Earth’s crust. This means they can be mined straight out of the ground, but will need to be refined
How are ores extracted through reduction with carbon
Carbon is added and displaces the oxygen, removing it
Which elements are extracted using electrolysis
Those higher than carbon on the reactivity series
Which elements are extracted using reduction with carbon
Those lower than carbon on the reactivity series
Which elements are found as uncombined elements in the Earth’s crust
Elements below copper
Which is more expensive- electrolysis or reduction with carbon
Electrolysis