Bio Cumulative
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what are the three structural components of DNA?
double stranded, deoxyribose, bases are ATCG
what is the function of mRNA?
delivers genetic message to ribosome
In genetic drift, what is the “founder effect”?
where few individuals are isolated from the larger population and may have different allele frequencies
why did cheetahs have very little genetic variation?
due to the Bottleneck Effect in genetic drift, the population crashed
what causes certain traits to be favored by natural selection?
determined by the environment
in a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?
the individuals that are best adapted to the environment
what are the base pairs in DNA?
ATCG
all life has the same what?
same genetic code
what is the SELECTIVE advantage of high melanin near the equator?
Protect against UV damage and protects folate
what the selective advantage of low melanin away from the equator?
To allow for more vitamin D production
why do Inuit people still have relatively high melanin levels?
They eat fatty foods (fish) that contain high levels of vitamin D
what are the two requirements for a population to evolve by natural selection?
it must be variable and heritable
what are the 3 components of a DNA molecule?
a phosphate, a sugar, a nitrogenous base
what is synonymous (silent) mutations?
the “silent” mutation, causing no change
what is non-synonymous mutations?
changes in a gene that alters and changes the protein being made
what is positive selection?
a selection for beneficial mutations
how can you tell if a gene has gone through positive selection?
when there are more non-synonymous mutations than synonymous
how can you tell if a gene has gone through negative selection?
when there are more synonymous mutations than non-synonymous
what is negative selection?
a selection against deleterious mutations
the process that produces RNA from DNA is called what?
transcription
the process that produces Proteins from mRNA is called what?
translation
what are the three structure components of RNA?
single stranded, ribosome, bases are AUCG
what is directional selection?
where one side is favored and move forward with higher fitness. Ex.) choosing turkeys based on breast size
what is stabilizing selection?
individuals with intermediate phenotypes are most fit. Ex.) human birth weights