Unit 2-Homologous Series
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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing hydrogen and carbon only
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties
What pattern is seen in the boiling points of a homologous series?
Boiling points increase as molecular size increases
Why do boiling points increase down a homologous series?
Intermolecular forces become stronger as molecular size increases
What is the prefix for a 1‑carbon chain?
Meth
What is the prefix for a 2‑carbon chain?
Eth
What is the prefix for a 3‑carbon chain?
Prop
What is the prefix for a 4‑carbon chain?
But
What is the prefix for a 5‑carbon chain?
Pent
What is the prefix for a 6‑carbon chain?
Hex
What is the prefix for a 7‑carbon chain?
Hept
What is the prefix for a 8‑carbon chain?
Oct
What does saturated mean?
Contains only carbon–carbon single bonds
What does unsaturated mean?
Contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond
How can you test for unsaturation?
Unsaturated compounds quickly decolourise bromine solution
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Can isomers belong to different homologous series?
Yes
Do isomers have the same physical properties?
No, usually different
What type of hydrocarbons are alkanes?
Saturated
What are alkanes commonly used as?
Fuels
Are alkanes soluble in water?
No