the chemistry of life

• consists of cells • grow and develop • regulate metabolism • react to stimuli • reproduce • adapt to environments

• do not have a living origin • do not contain carbon • are elements and simple molecules • do not burn in oxygen

are strong intermolecular forces that are responsible for cohesion forces between water molecules

is the reason why water can form strong adhesive forces with many other substances

it is essential to animals and plants

is an essential element of amino acids, proteins and DNA

is an instrument to indicate the degree of acidity or alkalinity

neutral alkaline

is a substance that counteracts pH changes

help with conducting nerve impulses and muscle functioning

• generally have a living origin • contain large numbers of carbon • are complex molecules • are combustible in oxygen

carbon , hydrogen and oxygen

• contains 3-7 carbon atoms • triose (3C) • pentose (5C) • hexose ( 6C) • glucose, fructose and galactose

• is 2 monosaccharides bonded together • glucose + glucose = maltose • glucose + fructose = sucrose • glucose + galactose = lactose is water soluble

is a macromolecule that consists of thousands of interconnected monomers, usually glucose

• is stored in plants • amylase has shorter branches chains • amylopectin has longer chains and is the most common form of starch and is not soluble in water

• sometimes referred to as animal starch • is soluble in water • stored in the muscle and liver cells

• is the structural polysaccharide in plants • provides strength and support • we cannot digest it • creates roughage to stimulate peristalsis • is insoluble in water

• found in the exoskeleton of insects

insoluble

glycerol and fatty acids

they are harder than polyunsaturated fats and can cause cardiovascular disease and are unhealthy

for metabolic reactions and because some vitamins are only soluble in fat

for forming the cell membrane