UNIT 1 - Chemical Changes And Structure
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what is everything in the universe made up of?
118 elements
what are variables?
they are something that can be changed in a chemical reaction
what are some examples of variables?
-temperature -particle size -concentration -volume -mass
what is a fair test?
a fair test is when you change only one variable at a time during a chemical reaction
what are the factors which would make a reaction slow?
-large particles -low concentration -low temperature
what are the factors which would make a reaction fast?
-small particles -high concentration -high temperature
what must happen for a chemical reaction to occur?
the reactant particles must collide
what does collision provide?
collision provides the energy to break the bonds in the reactant molecules and form the new bonds in the product
what is a successful collision?
it is a collision which results in a chemical reaction, as not all collisions result in a chemical reaction
what must the particles collide with in order for a collision to be successful?
-the correct geometry -sufficient energy
what does any factor which increases the number of collisions between reactant particles increase?
it increases the rate of reaction
what also increases as the surface area increases?
the area for collisions
what will increase if you increase the concentration of the reactants?
the number of collisions
what does low concentration equal?
low conc. = few collisions
what does high concentration equal?
high conc. = more collisions
what happens as temperature increases?
-the amount of energy a particle has increases -the faster the particle moves around -the more likely particles are to collide (all of these things lead to a increase in the rate of reaction)
what is temperature a measure of?
it is a measure of the average kinetic energy
what do all chemical reactions produce?
new substances
how can you find the speed of a reaction?
by measuring how fast the new substance is formed
how much of the graph paper must you use?
more than half
what is a catalyst?
a catalyst is a substance which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but can be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction.