Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table
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Where is the nucleus in the atom?
The nucleus is in the middle of the atom
What do atoms contain?
Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons
What does the nucleus contain?
It contains protons and neutrons
What is the charge of the nucleus?
Positive charge
Where are the electrons in the atom?
They move around the nucleus in electron shells
What is electrons charge and mass?
They are negatively charged and have virtually no mass?
What does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you?
It’s atomic number and mass number
What does the atomic number tell you?
How many protons there are
What does the mass number tell you?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
How do you get the number of neutrons?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
What charge does atoms have?
Neutral
Why is an atoms charge neutral?
Because they have the same number of protons as electrons
How are compounds formed?
When elements react, atoms combine with other atoms to form compounds
What happens when compounds formed from a metal and non-metal?
The compound consists of ions, the metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions, the opposite charges of the ions mean that they’re strongly attracted to each other- called ionic bonding
What does a compound formed from non-metals contain?
Consists of molecules, each atom shares an electron with another atom- called covalent bonding
Are the properties of a compound similar or different to the original elements?
They are totally different
Where are metals and non-metals found in the periodic table?
Metals are found to the left Non-metals found to the right
What are rows called in the periodic table?
Rows are called periods Each new period represents another full shell of electrons
What are columns?
Elements with similar properties form columns Vertical columns are called groups
What does the group number tell you?
How many electrons there are in the outer shell