Mitosis And Meiosis
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What is the central dogma ?
DNA to RNA to proteins
What are the 2 main reasons for cell division ?
For cell growth and repair of worn out cells and replacement of dead cells
Why do we need to understand cell division ? BUTE
Bases of growth and repair Target for many drugs such as cancer Understand genetic inheritance Explain drug resistance development
What are the 2 types of cell division
Mitosis and meiosis
What does mitosis produce ?
2 genetically identical daughter cells
What does meiosis produce ?
4 non identical daughter cells which are sex cells
Why is growth important?
There is growth from a single fertilised egg to an adult as it goes from one fertilised egg to 37 trillion cells
Why is replacement important?
Need replacement of worn out cells
How many times are skin cells replaced ?
Every 2-3 weeks
How many times are red blood cells replaced ?
Every 120 days
How many times is the gut lining replaced ?
Replaced every 3-5 days
What type of cells don’t divide ?
Neurone don’t divide at all
What does uncontrolled cell division lead to ?
Cancer
What if there is no division ?
Leads to tissue damage and death eg tissue degeneration
What are the stages of mitosis ?
IPMATC Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
What stage does the cell spend the longest time in division ?
Interphase - 90% of cell division time
What are the 3 stages of interphase ?
G1 S G2
What are other stages of mitosis known as ?
Mitosis and cytokinesis are known as the M phase and the cell spends 10 % of its time there
What does G1 stand for ??
Gap 1
What happens in G1 ?
Cell growth, accumulates resources and checks environments
What does s stand for ?
Synthesis
What happens in S phase ?
Semi conservative replication where every chromosome duplicates to form sister chromatids
What does G2 stand for ?
Gap 2
What is the function of G2?
Final growth and preparation for mitosis and DNA repair occurs here