IB Biology: Level 10 - Water 2.2
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Are water molecules polar or non polar?Do hydrogen bonds form between them?
Water molecules are polar.Yes
Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain what 4 properties of water?
adhesive, cohesive, thermal, and solvent properties -hydrophilic water-loving; polar hydrophobic insoluble in water; nonpolar
Water is-
polar covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen
How is a water molecule formed?
A water molecule is formed by polar covalent bonds between an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
What is the charge of hydrogen atoms in water?
Partial positive charge
What is the charge of the oxygen atom in water?
Partial negative charge
What is the shape of a water molecule?
Bent
Intermolecular forces
hydrogen bonds
“hydrogen bond”
Attraction between water moleculesforce that forms when a hydrogen atom in a polar molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom of another polar covalent molecule
Cohesive property
binding of 2 of the same molecules
Example of cohesive property
water transport in plants; water molecules are not separated in xylem
Adhesive properties
binding of two different molecules
Example of adhesive property
In leaves water adheres to cellulose fibers; keeps cell walls moist so CO2 can be absorbed
Thermal properties
• High specific heat capacity • High latent heat of vaporization • High boiling point
Specific heat capacity
amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of water by 1°C
Heat of vaporization
amount of heat needed to convert water from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase
Solvent
a substance that is able to dissolve other substances; “like dissolves like”
Sweat is controlled by the
hypothalamus
Other cooling methods that use water
Panting in dogsTranspiration in plants
Ions in blood plasma being transported
Sodium chlorideAmino acidsGlucoseOxygenFatsCholesterol
Hemoglobin in red blood cells
ensures enough oxygen is carried in blood