3.2.5.1 General Properties of Transition Metals
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What is the general electronic configuration of transition metals?
They form at least one stable ion with a partly full d-shell of electrons
Which metals are transition metals?
Columns titanium to copper
What ion does zinc form?
Zn 2+
What ion does scandium form?
Sc 3+
Why are zinc and scandium not classed as transition metals?
Because they can only form one ion
Is it more stable to half fill a p subshell or to fill and add to a d subshell?
Half fill a p subshell
Of 4s and 3d, which subshell is filled first?
4s is emptied and filled before 3d
What are the general properties of transition metals?
Have variable oxidation states Good conductors of heat and electricity High melting and boiling points Low reactivity Forms coloured ions Many are catalysts Form complex ions
What is a complex?
A central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands
What is a ligand?
An ion or molecule which forms dative covalent bonds with the transition metal atom or ion donating a pair of electrons Has at least one lone pair This lone pair is donated to an empty orbital in the transition metal
What are the charges of the NH3 and H2O ligands?
No charge This means that the exchange of these ligands does not change the co-ordination number
Is substitution always complete?
No