Pathogen & Disease Test: Transmission of Diseases & Portals of Entry

infection may occur by contact with other infected humans or animals

where mucous droplets are discharges into the air by coughing, sneezing, laughing or talking within a radius of 1 meter EX. common cold virus

occurs because of the physical contact between the source and a potential host; this includes touching, kissing, and sexual intercourse EX. HIV virus, Gonorrhea bacteria

includes touching a contaminated surface/objects that have been in contact with the source of infection (eating utensils, drinking cups, bedding, toys, money and used syringes) EX. tetanus bacteria, common cold virus

agents of disease in vehicle transmission may be transmitted by food, blood, water, intravenous fluids such as drugs and air EX. cholera bacteria, tuberculosis bacteria (airborne)

the spread of fungal spores, some viruses, and bacteria that are transported on dust particles and can remain suspended in the air long periods of time • transmitted faster because more likely for a person to breath in contaminated air • pathogen spreads randomly

• pathogen is carried by food rather than a person • have to eat or drink the contaminated food; cannot be caught any other way • spreads quickly at onset and then slows • it spreads slowly because the likelihood of coming into contact with the pathogen decreases over time

some pathogens are transmitted between hosts by other animals. Bites from anthropods (e.g. mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and lice) and mammals (e.g. rodents) may introduce pathogens. EX. malaria

person comes into contact with another person carrying a pathogen

• population density 2. ease of transmission

the mouth and nose are major entry points for airborne viruses that are inhaled from other people’s expelled mucous

diphtheria, meningococcal meningitis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, influenza, measles, rubella, and chicken pox

the mouth is one of the few openings where you place foreign substances into your body. Food is often contaminated with microorganisms, but most of these are destroyed in the stomach

cholera, typhoid fever, mumps, hepatitis A, poliomyelitis, and salmonellosis

the skin provides a barrier to the entry of most pathogens; however, a cut or abrasion allows easy entry for pathogens

tetanus, gas gangrene, bubonic plague, hepatitis B, rabies, malaria and HIV

the urogenital openings provide entry points for pathogens responsible for sexually transmitted infections and other opportunistic infections like candidiasis

gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, E. Coli (cause of UTI’s)