Chemistry T1 and T3
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What colour does blue and red litmus paper turn when in contact with acids and bases?
Acids: Red Bases: Blue
Define an arrhenius acid.
An acid that ionises in a solution and produce H+ ions.
Define an arrhenius base.
A base that ionises in a solution and produces OH- ions.
Define a strong acid/base.
An acid/base that ionises (breaks down) completely.
Define a weak acid/base.
An acid/base that ionises (breaks down) partially.
Give an example of each: Strong Acid, Weak Acid, Strong Base, and a Weak Base.
Strong Acid: HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) Weak Acid: CH₃COOH (Acetic Acid, found in vinegar) Strong Base: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) Weak Base: NH₃ (Ammonia)
Acid + Metal
Metal Hydride + Hydrogen Gas
Acid + Base
Salt + Water
Acid + Carbonate
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide (Carbonate will always have CO₃)
State the two requirements needed for a successful collision.
• Particles must collide with the right orientation. • Particles must collide with sufficient energy.
List the four ways of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction and explain why using collision theory.
• Temperature (more energy to particles). • Concentration (increased collision frequency). • Surface Area (increased collision frequency) • Catalyst (lowers activation energy)
How do you calculate molar mass?
Mass / Moles
How do you calculate moles?
Mass / Molar Mass
How do you calculate mass?
Moles x Molar Mass
How do you calculate molarity?
Moles / Litres
When can the M1 x V1 = M2 V2 ONLY be applied?
When the molar ration is 1:1