Organic Chemistry

A mixture of hydrocarbons that we use as a source of elements we use in society. It is a black tar-like liquid. There are thousands of hydrocarbons with different chain lengths.

Crude oil formed from the decomposition of tiny creatures which lived in the sea more than 100 000 000 years ago. Certain conditions had to be present. The oil formed in porous sedimentary rocks that could hold the oil but an impermeable layer had to form on top to seal in the oil. Pressure on the rocks caused them to fold and form a dome under which oil could collect in sufficient quantities to be economical to extract.

Black rock, from plants

Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon only.

A mixture of thousands of hydrocarbons, with different chain lengths

Physical processes such as fractional distillation

Crude oil and natural gas (also a hydrocarbon) are classified as fossil fuels as they are formed from living things (fossil) and are burned to give energy (fuel).

• most of the compounds in crude oil • saturated hydrocarbons- meaning they contain only single covalent bonds • these are fats Eg. Ethane

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• alkenes • have a double bond Eg. Ethene

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Methane (CH(4))

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Limestone was formed in the middle of the sea and is now found in the Peak District, nowhere near the coast, due to the split of Pangea.

A series of compounds with similar structure, as a result of the joining together of carbon atoms into a chain.

Methane CH(4) Ethane C(2)H(6) Propane C(3)H(8) Butane C(4)H(10) Pentane C(5)H(12) Hexane C(6)H(14)

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Mice Eat Peanut Butter Pie Happily

C(n)H(2n+2)

• Have the same general formula • Contain the same functional group (this determines how the chemical reacts) • Share similar chemical properties • Follow a trend in physical properties

Well, giving out a lot of heat

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula (eg. H(2)O, CH(4), etc.) but a different displayed formula.

Shows how many atoms of each element there are in a molecule