redox 1
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Define the structural formula
Shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Define The displayed formula
Shows all the covalent bonds in a molecule
Define the skeletal formula
Shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains and just leaves the associated functional groups.
What is the functional group of alkanes and alkenes?
Alkanes: C-C Alkenes: C=C
What is the functional group for alcohols and halogenoalkanes
Alcohols: OH Halogenoalkanes: C-Halogen
What is the functional group for aldehydes and their suffix?
• C=O to a H AT THE END • -al • eg: Propanal
What is the functional group for ketones?
• C=O in the middle of a molecule • one • eg: Propanone
What is the functional group for carboxylic acids and esters?
• COOH • C=O-O
What is the suffix and functional group for Amines?
• NH3 • Amine
define stereoisomers
Have the same structural formulae but have a different special arrangement of atoms.
What are reasons for E-Z isomers arising?
• when there’s restricted rotation around the C=C bond • There are 2 different groups or atoms attached both ends of the double bond
What is a priority group?
• the atom with the larger atomic number.
How do you name E-Z isomers?
• If the priority group is on the same place on either side of the C=C bond, it is named a Z isomer • But if on the opposite side of the double bond, then it’s labelled an E isomer
What is cis-trans isomerism?
• when special case of EZ isomerism in which subsequent groups are the same.