General and Lab Concepts Review

smallest unit of life

atom bonded to at least one other atom

atom that has lost or gained an electron

a molecule that has two or more DIFFERENT atoms bonded together

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 -they make the number 7 on the periodic table

elemental molecules with different formulas but the same atom -such as O2 and O3 or S6, S8, S12

a metal and a nonmetal bonded together • contain ionic bonds • can be polyatomic too

two or more nonmetals bonded together -contain covalent bonds

are obviously the diatomic elements and allotropes because there is more than one atom in its natural state, can be ionic compounds as well

Diotomic elements HAVE to exist in nature as a group of 2, allotropes do NOT have to have more than one atom to exist

1) name the metal 2) write the metal’s oxidation state as a Roman numeral in parenthesis 3) Name thenonmetal usingan “ide” ending Ex: Iron (2) Chloride, FeCl2

1) give the appropriate numerical prefix to the first element 2) Name the first element using its regular name on the periodic table 3) Give the appropriate numerical prefix to the second element 4) Name the nonmetal using an “ide” ending Ex: dinitrogen monoxide, N2O

1) Hydro- 2) Insert the name of element #2, replacing the “-ine” with “-ic acid” Ex: hydrochloric acid, HCl

HClO - ‘hypo’chlor’ous’ acid HClO2- chlor’ous’ acid HClO3– chlor’ic’ acid HClO4- ‘per’chlo’ic’ acid

NO, only for the second element, but you can use all the other prefixes forthe first element

N2O, dinitrogen monoxide (it is a molecular compound)

It is literally H + one other element

Typically has H stuck to some middle element with a bunch of oxygen atoms that follow H - Middle different atom -O

Hypo is with the formula with the least amount ofoxygens, per is part of the name for the formular with the most oxygen atoms