All cells arise from other cells

The division of a cell that results in each of the daughter cells having an exact copy of the DNA of the parent cell

Chromatin shortens to form chromosomes Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappears centrioles go to the opposite ends of the poles of the cell and spindle fibres are produced by centrioles

Spindle fibres attach to centromeres Centromeres line up on the equator of the cell

Chromosomes pulled apart at the centromere by spindle fibres Chromosomes move to the poles of the cell

Chromosomes detach from the spindle fibres spindle fibres disappear Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin Nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear

Division of the cytoplasm

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

• cancer is the result of damage to the genes • leading to uncontrolled cell division • tumours are most commonly found in the lungs, breast and ovaries. • They are cancerous if they change from benign to malignant

Growth and repair

-Involves killing dividing cells by blocking a part of the cell cycle - chemotherapy usually disrupts the cell cycle by preventing DNA replicating and inhibiting the metaphase stage of mitosis by interfering with spindle formation

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

-Replication of DNA -Replication of plasmids -Division of cytoplasm

-Increase temperature -increase enzyme activity -Increase oxygen concentration -Increase respiration

Locus

viruses are non-living and replicate by attaching to host cells by attachment proteins and injecting nucleic acid into the cell. This provides the instructions to produce the viral protein