Chp.2 summary
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Bohr model
assumes electrons to be particles orbiting the nucleus in discrete paths
Wave Mechanical Model
assumes electrons to be wavelike and treat electron position in terms of a probability distribution
four electron quantum numbers
n, l, ml, and ms
quantum number n
electron orbital size
quantum number l
orbital shape
quantum number ml
number of electron orbitals
quantum number ms
spin moment
Pauli exclusion principle
each electron state can accommodate no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins
For ionic bonds, how are electrically charged ions formed?
by the transference of valence electrons from one atom type to another.
Covalent bonding
when there is a sharing of valence electrons between adjacent atoms
Relatively weak van der Waals bonds result from
attractive forces between electric dipoles, which may be induced or permanent.
three primary bonding types:
covalent–ionic, covalent–metallic, and metallic–ionic mixed bonds
Correlations between bonding type and material class:
Polymers—covalent, Metals—metallic, Ceramics—ionic/mixed ionic–covalent, Molecular solids—van der Waals, Semi-metals—mixed covalent–metallic, Intermetallics—mixed metallic–ionic