Nervous System
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All body activities are controlled by 2 systems, what are they?
The nervous and endocrine system
What does the central nervous system control?
The brain and spinal cord
Define electrical means
Messages are passing through the axon by electrical means.
Define chemical means.
Messages are passing through the synaptic gap by chemical mean
Name the parts of a neuron
• Cell body • Nucleus • Organelles • Dendrites • Axon • Myelin Sheath • Nodes of ranvier • Synaptic nob • Synaptic gap
What are the functions for the parts of a neuron?
• Cell body- contains the nucleus and organelles. Integrates incoming signals • Nucleus- the brain • Dendrites- revive signals form other neurons and transmit them towards cell body • Axon- transports nerve impulses away form cell body • Myelin Sheath- fatty layer around axon that speeds up transmission of nerve impulses • Nodes of ranvier- gaps in myelin sheath that allows rapid impulse • Synaptic nob- impulses and messages jump through axon to synaptic nobs • Synaptic gap- messages go through synaptic gap to the next neuron
Describe how a message gets through a neuron then to another
Neuron’s are the basic unit of the nervous system. It has a cell body which contains a nucleus and organelles. It has two parts dendrites and axon. The dendrites contained branches and the axon is long with branches at the bottom. Impulses or messages jump through the axon to the synaptic nob then goes through the synaptic gap to the next neuron
What are the two types of neurons?
Motor and sensory
Differences between motor and sensory neurons.
Sensory: carried impulses toward central nervous system Motor: carries impulses away from CNS Sensory: connected to sensory receptors Motor: connected to muscles or glands Sensory: long dendrites, short axon Motor: short dendrites, long axon Sensory: cell body off to the side Motor: cell body at the start of axon Sensory: detects stimuli (heat, pressure, light, sound) Motor: causes a physical response
When a nerve impulse reaches the end if the axon, a chemical call _______ is released into the space between the neuron’s.
Neurotransmitter
What is the name of the other nervous system besides the CNS
The Peripheral nervous system
CNS is made of brain and spinal cord it ____ and ____ messages to and from the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Receives and sends
PNS communicate information from receptors in the body and send them to CNS via what?
Via sensory neurons.
PNS communicate information from the CNS and send back out to the bodies, organs, glands and muscles via what?
Via motor neurons
The PNS system is also divided into two nervous systems, what are they?
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
How many cranial nerves and spinal nerves does the somatic nervous system have?
12 crainal nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Identify the role of the nerves in the PNS
Carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord.
Determine the main way that the central nervous system controls action.
By sending messages to activate muscles.