Chapter 14 Alcohols
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What is an alcohol
Alcohols contain the –OH hydroxyl functional group
What is the general formula of an alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
Is an OH group attached to a benzene ring an alcohol
No
What is polyhydric alcohol
Contains more than one OH group
How do volatility and boiling point vary between alkanes and alcohols
Alcohols have a higher boiling point than alkanes with the same number of C atoms. They are also less volatile (form a gas less easily)
Compare the physical properties of Alkanes Vs Alcohols
Alkanes: * non-polar molecules * only have weak London forces between molecules * don’t require as much energy to overcome Alcohols * polar molecules (contain polar O-H bond) * can form stronger hydrogen bonds between molecules * require more energy to overcome
Why are Alcohols more soluble in water than alkanes
The –OH group in alcohols can form hydrogen bonds with water
Why does Alcohol solubility decrease as the hydrocarbon chain length increases
• The –OH group in alcohols can form hydrogen bonds with water. • However, the non-polar hydrocarbon chain cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.
Why does viscosity increase as the number of OH groups increases
more hydrogen bonds can form which require more energy to overcome