Acylation And Reactions Of Acyl Chlorides
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What do acylating agents do
Introduce R-C=O group onto molecule
What is most reactive acylating agent
Ethanoyl chloride CH3COCl
Why are acyl chlorides reactive
As COCl group polar and C has delta positive charge so open to attack by nucleophiles
What is made when water added as nucleophile to acyl chloride
Carboxylic acid
What is made when acyl chloride reacts with alcohol and what type of reaction
Ester and HCl (misty fumes), irreversible and very fast so doesn’t need catalyst
What is made when acyl chlorides react with ammonia and how to name
Amide and white smoke of NH4Cl, eg ethanamide with priority given to C of CO
What is made when acyl chlorides react with amines and how to name
N-substituted amides eg N-methylethanamide with the N group the one attached to nitrogen of NH without the C=O
How do acyl chlorides react, what is involved and conditions
Vía nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions, nucleophile always loses proton so HCl always produced
Differences between esterification with acyl chloride and carboxylic acid
-with carboxylic acid requires catalyst while acyl chloride fast enough that it doesn’t -HCl formed with acyl chloride while water formed with carboxylic acid -reaction not reversible with acyl chlorides while it is for carboxylic acids
What are acid anhydrides and what can they be used for and how to name
Made of two acyl groups joined by oxygen to both the carbon atoms of their CO groups so two C=O (acyl) groups, can act as acylating agents, name eg ethanoic anhydride/ ethanoic propanoic anhydride so alphabetically names of carboxylic acids it’s made of