Programming

= is assignment == is comparison or equality

condition-controlled loops: pre-conditioned is a WHILE loop post-conditioned is a DO…UNTIL loop count-controlled loops: for loop (for counter in range)

value that does not change throughout code and remains “constant” variable can change throughout the code based on input etc.

char is a single alphanumeric character string is 2 or more alphanumeric characters integer is a whole number value float is a floating point or decimal number boolean is a true/false, yes/no or on/off value

Assignment: an assignment statement allows us to place a value inside a variable Sequence: the order of programming statements eg. must input name before printing Selection: making decisions in code or the occurrence of something as the result of a previous result or statement eg. if statements Iteration: repeating or looping one or more lines of code eg. for loop while loop do while/until loop

Main: Range, Type and Presence Range check: check for data input to between a minimum and maximum value (limit looks for only min or max) Length check: check that number of characters doesn’t exceed or precede a certain value (usually for strings or passwords) Type check: check that data input is the correct data type Presence check: checks that input has been received Format check: check for input in certain format (date in dd/mm/yy)

Terminator (start/end) = rounded square/oval Input/Output = parallelogram Process = rectangle Decision = Diamond

Arithmetic: \+ addition - subtraction * multiplication ** exponent / Floating-point division (e.g. 5 / 2 = 2.5 ) // Floor division (e.g. 5 // 2 = 2 ) % Modulo division (remainder - e.g. 5 % 2 = 1 ) Assignment: \+= Additive assignment (x += 5 is the same as x = x + 5) -= Subtractive assignment (x -= 5 is the same as x = x - 5) *= Multiplicative assignment (x *= 5 is the same as x = x * 5) /= Divisive assignment (x /= 5 is the same as x = x / 5) %= Modulus assignment (x %= 5 is the same as x = x % 5) //= Floor-division assignment (x //= 5 is the same as x = x // 5) **= Exponential assignment (x **= 5 is the same as x = x ** 5) Boolean: “and” All conditions must be True “or” Only one of the conditions needs to be True “not” Gives us the inverse (opposite) of the value being evaluated Relational: < Less than > Greater than <= Less than or equal to >= Greater than or equal to == Equality (in a condition) != Not equal to

Everything typed into a computer console is seen as a string str() converts value in brackets into a string int() converts value in brackets into an integer float() converts value in brackets into a floating point

Totalling adds values together , it totals or sums values Counting counts the number of values, it counts repetitions totalling eg. totalWeight += itemWeight counting eg. itemCount += 1