organic chemistry

the prefix tells you how many carbon atoms are present in the longest continues chain in the compound

• ane: compound is an alkane • ene: compound is an alkene • ol: alcohol • oic acid: carboxylic acid

any substance that contains only carbon and hydrogen

the self linking ability of atoms

one carbon molecule can make up to 4 bonds

crude oil, oil and natural gas

fuels release energy upon being burned

methane

petroleum is essentially crude oil and is a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be seperated into its useful fractions by fractional distillation

• petroleum is heated and turned into a gas before it is sent to the fractionating column to remove its impurities • the molecules in each fraction have similar properties and boiling points, which depend on the number of carbon atoms in the chain • the boiling point and viscosity of each fraction increases as the carbon chain gets longer • temperature increased down the fractionating column because more energy is needed to break the longer carbon chains

a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to them having the same functional group

• compounds have the same functional group • they have the same general formula • the have similar chemical properties • they have different physical properties • there is a difference of a CH2 group between consecutive members of a homologous series

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae due to the different arrangement of their atoms

chain and position

when the structure of the carbon chain diffrs

when the postion of the functional group differs

CnH2n+2

alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which means that they do not have any carbon double bonds or rather they all have single bonds

http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/organic2/alkanes/section1/

alkanes are generally unreactive, however they undergo combustion when they are burned with oxygen, this produces carbon dioxide and water and releases energy

general formula : CnH2n

C=C (double bond)

they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

-molecular structure: saturated hydrocarbons have no double bonds in their structure while unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one C=C double bond