Urinary System

Kidney ureter urinary bladder urethra

Nephron glomerulus renal cortex renal medulla

Renal artery/vein ureters nerves lymphatics

outer component of kidney that contains renal columns that have blood vessels and fibrous tissue to anchor it

The renal pyramids which contain microscopic using collecting tubules

the funnel shaped area connecting to ureter

the glomerulus and glomerular capsule

• renal artery • afferent articles • glomerulus • efferent articles • peritubular capillaries • renal vein

• inner mucosa of transitional epithelium • middle smooth muscle coat • outer adventitia

• regulate blood electrolyte composition by excreting excessive ions into urine. • regulate blood pH by excreting/conserving H+ ions or bicarbonate ions • regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating water. • Regulate blood pressure (volume and RAAS ANP) • Maintaining blood osmolarity by excreting excessive ions into urine • Excreting waste products such as ammonia and urea • Produces hormones - EPO calcitrol and enzyme renin which leads to production of angiotensin and aldosterone • regulating blood glucose

Renin angiotensin aldosterone pathway

• Glomerular filtration • Tubular reabsorption • Tubular secretion

• Collecting duct • major calyx • minor calyx • renal pelvis • ureter • Urinary bladder

• Creatinine • urea • some electrolytes

Passive transport (proximal convoluted tubule) Active transport

Water ions nitrogenous waste sex hormones dead cells crystals - calcium urate

Peristaltic contraction hydrostatic pressure gravity

cardiac nervous endocrine

released from adrenal gland works on nephron to increase tubular reabsorption of sodium and therefore water via osmosis

produced in hypothalamus stored and released in pituitary gland, increases permeability. increased tubular reabsorption of water.

increases excretion excretion of sodium in urine

Stimulus Pathways effectors

• nerve impulses sent to micturition centre in sacral spinal cord • nerve impulse return from spinal cord • effect - detrusor muscle contracts, internal urethral sphincter relaxes

• nerve impulse sent to cerebral cortex of brain • desire to urinate • nerve impulse returns • effects • urination occurs • nerve impulse from pons keeps reflex until emptied.