Plate tectonics
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crust
the outermost shell of a rocky planet.
mantle
layer of molten rock between the crust and the core
core
made up of mostly iron. seperated into the outer core (molten) and inner core (solid)
tectonic plate
the layer of rock that makes up the outer part of the earth, including the crust and upper mantle (lithosphere plates)
continental drift theory
the theory that continents gradually drifted over time to present positions.
asthenosphere
a thin layer of earth, about 150 miles thick, at the border between the mantle and the crust.
convection current
the process in which the hotter parts of a gas or liquid rise to the top and the cooler, denser parts.
convergent boundary
when two tectonic plates come together.
mountains
uplift of crustal plates that form elevated landmasses.
volcanoes
a vent or fissure in earth’s surface through which magma and gasses are expelled
divergent boundary
when tectonic plates split apart.
transform boundary
when tectonic plates slide past each other.
fault
breaks in the crust. the movement causes seismic waves which produce earthquakes.
mid-ocean ridge
A long ridge of underwater volcanoes between two diverging oceanic plates.
subduction zone
A place where one tectonic plate sinks under another and melts. Also forms a trench.
Rift valley
A long narrow valley between two diverging continental plates.