Unit 1.6
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What is metabolism?
All of the biochemical reactions that occur in a cell
What are metabolic pathways regulated with?
Specific enzymes
What are the 2 types of metabolic pathways?
Catabolic - degradation Anabolic - synthesis
What are anabolic and catabolic reactions?
Anabolic reactions build up large molecules from small molecules and require energy (adds). Catabolic reactions break down large molecules into smaller molecules and release energy (cuts).
How does a metabolic reaction start?
When enzymes act by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to proceed
What will happen to an enzyme if it is either absent or present?
Absent - The reaction it catalyses will occur much slower or not at all Present - The reaction it catalyses will occur much faster
How foes the biding of the enzyme to its substrate affect the activation energy of the reaction?
It lowers the activation energy
What happens if the substrate concentration is increased?
The rate of the reaction increases as more active sites are occupied by substrates
When does the rate of reaction level off?
Once all the enzymes are occupied
What do competitive inhibitors do?
Bind to the active site, preventing the substrate from binding. This can be reversed by increasing substrate concentration
What do non-competitive inhibitors do?
Binds away from the active site, changing the shape of the active site. This prevents the substrate from binding and can not be reversed
What does feedback inhibition do?
The end product of a pathway can sometimes affect the activity of an earlier enzyme in the pathway. This process stops the metabolic pathways and so prevents further synthesis of the end product until end product concentration lowers