organic chemistry (67-74, 79) (paper 1)

the simplest whole numbre ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

• same general formula • same functional group • react in similar ways

C=C - carbon carbon double bond

meth-

eth-

prop-

but–

-ane

-ene

CnH2n+2

CnH2n

CnH2n+1OH

molecules made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

only containing single bonds between carbon atoms

have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structual formulae

• take one carbon off the long chain • re-bond that carbon to the original chain at least one carbon from the end

a mixture of molecules

fractional distilation

• the oil is heated until it vapourises • the vapours rise up the column until just below their bloiling point and condense • the column is coller and the top than the bottom • larger molecules with higher boiling points condense at the bottom

• refinery gases • gasoline • kerosene • diesel • fuel oil • bitumen

• larger molecules • more viscous • more yellow / orange

• they ignite more easily • can be used as fuels but there is a larger supply of long chain hydrocarbons

long hydrocarbons are split into smaller molecules by a process of catalytic cracking