Bonding
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Main two types of bonding
Ionic and covalent
When are ions formed?
When one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
What is ionic bonding
When ions are held together by electrostatic attraction
What are the simplest ions?
Single atoms which have lost or gained electrons do they’re got a full outer shell
What do elements in the same group have?
The same number of outer electrons they want so form ions with same charges
What’s electrostatic attraction?
The thing that holds positive and negative ions together. It’s very strong
What are a lot of ions made of?
Groups of atoms with no overall charge (compound ions).
Sulfate
SO4 3-
Hydroxide
OH-
Nitrate
NO3 -
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Ammonium
NH4+
Ionic compounds are made up of?
Positively charged parts and negatively charged parts
Overall charge of any compound is?
Zero
What must negative charges in a compound do ?
Balance all the positive charges
What can you use charges on individual ions present to work out?
The formula of an ionic compound
Sodium chloride structure
Giant ionic lattice
What are ionic crystals?
Giant lattices of ions
What’s a lattice?
Just a regular structure
Why’s giant ionic lattice called giant?
Because it’s made up of same basic unit repeated over and over again
Sodium chloride describe
Na+ and Cl- ions packed together Sodium chloride lattice is cube shaped- different ionic compounds have different shaped structure
What does the structure of an ionic compound determine?
Their physical properties
Ionic compounds properties
Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved but not when solid Have high melting points Tend to dissolve in water
Why do ionic compounds Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved but not when solid?
Ions in a liquid are free to move and carry a charge In a solid the ions are fixed in position by strong ionic bonds