3.10 - Aromatic Chemistry
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Compounds containing Benzene Rings are Called?
Arenes
Name of Mechanism: Benzene + Electrophile
Electrophilic Substitution
Reagents: Acylation of Benzene
Acyl Chloride AlCl₃
Conditions: Nitration of Benzene
50°C
Evidence against Kekule’s Structure?
• Doesn’t Decolourise Bromine Water • Carbon-Carbon bonds are intermediate in length between single & double bonds • Thermochemical data of Hydrogenation of Benzebe is ∼150kJmol⁻¹ more stable
Uses of Nitrobenzene?
Explosives
What do Double-headed curly arrows show?
Movement of a Pair of Electrons
Why does Benzene undergo Substitution rather than Addition?
To Preserve stability of Delocalised electrons in π-bond
Where is the Break in the Benzene ring located when it has a Positive charge?
Break faces Carbon which Electrophile is being Attached to
Benzene is ____, it has a ____ ____ structure with bond angles of ____ ?
Planar Trigonal Planar 120°
Overlap of adjacent p-orbitals forms a ____ above & below ring?
π-bond
The Electron Density in ____ is lower than in ____ ?
Benzene an Alkene
Carbon-Carbon bonds in ____ are ____ in length between ____ ?
Benzene Intermediate Single & Double Bonds
Electrons in the π-bond are ____ ?
Delocalised
The π-bond above & below the ring is an area of ____ ____ ____ that attracts ____ ?
High Electron Density Electrophiles
In Benzene, the π-electrons are ____ in an alkene, they’re ____ ?
Delocalised Localised
In ____, π-electrons are localised in ____, they’re delocalised?
an Alkene Benzene
Kekule’s Structure of Benzene?
Cyclohextriene
Benzene is ____ reactive than methylbenzene?
Less
If Benzene contained ____ bonds, it would ____ ____ water?
Carbon-Carbon double bonds Decolourise Bromine Water
Electrophile: Nitration of Benzene
NO₂⁺
Define: Electrophile
Electron Pair Acceptor
Generation of Electrophile: Nitration of Benzene
HNO₃ + H₂SO₄ |> NO₂⁺ + HSO₄⁻ + H₂O
The ____ ____ in an Alkene is ____ than in Benzene?
Electron Density Higher