Oxidation, reduction, and redox reactions
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What is a redox reaction?
A reaction in which oxidation and reduction happen simultaneously
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
What does an oxidising agent do?
Accepts electrons and gets reduced
What does a reducing agent do?
Donates electrons and gets oxidised
What happens to oxidation states during a redox reaction?
The reactants undergo changes in oxidation states
What does oxidation state tell you?
The total number of electrons an atom has donated or accepted
What is another name for oxidation state?
Oxidation number
What is the oxidation state of atoms in an element?
0
What is the oxidation state of Cl in Cl2?
0
What is oxidation state of S in S8?
0
How are non-zero oxidation states written?
As positive or negative integers
What is the oxidation state of a monoatomic ion equal to?
Its charge
What is the oxidation state of Na+?
+1
What oxidation state do group 1 elements always have?
+1
What is the oxidation state of Mg2+?
+2
What oxidation state do group 2 elements always have?
+2
In a neutral compound, what must the sum of oxidation states equal?
0
In compound ions, what does the sum of oxidation states equal?
The overall charge of the ion
In molecular ions, which element usually has the negative oxidation state?
The most electronegative element
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in sulfate ions; SO4^2-
-2
What is the oxidation state of sulfur in SO4^2-?
+6
What is the maximum oxidation state of a p-block element?
+group number
What is the maximum oxidation state of chlorine?
+7