Immunity
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Non-self cells
Cells thats are foreign to the body and carry foreign antigens which can trigger an immune response
Lymphocytes and phagocytes are a type of
White blood cell
4 types of non-self cells
Pathogens, toxins (chemicals), Cells from other humans and abnormal cells (cancer cells)
Pathogen
Any microorganism that causes diesease/illness
All cells have specific proteins in their membrane which have different tertiary structures. What are these molecules?
Antigens
What do lymphocytes recognise
Non-self cells
Anitgen
A tertiary protein on the cell surface that triggers an immune response
What do lymphocytes use to detect non-self cells
Antigen receptors which are complementary to antigens
Why is antigens and antigen receptors being made from protein an advantage
It means there are lots of combinations for the sequence in the first structure of the protein antigen / antigen receptor so they can be all different shapes to be more specific for an specific immune response
What do lymphocytes do after binding to an non-self cell
Trigger an specific immune response
Phagocytes is a type of
White blood cell
What do phagocytes detect (Type of non-self cell)
Pathogens (P for pathogens in phagocytes )
What do pathogens contain as well as antigens on their cell surface membrane
Molecular patterns
What do phagocytes contain that are complementary to the pathogens molecular patterns
Receptors
What do all pathogens share
Molecular patterns
Describe the process of phagocytis ( 6 Marks )
*Pathogen releases toxins which cause the phagocyte to move towards the pathogen down its concentration gradient *Receptors on phagocyte are complementary to the molecular pattern on pathogen and so they bind *Pathogen is engulfed by phagocyte into a vesicle called a phagosome *Lysosomes inside phagocyte move and fuse with phagosome *Lysosome contains lysozymes which hydrolyse the pathogen and break it down *Phagocyte absorbs useful water soluble product and releases waste by exocytosis 6/6 Awnser :)
Are phagocytes specific or non-specific immune responses
Non-specific